Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Essay - 1

Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts - Essay Example Training programs and friendly atmosphere help employees to work tat heir full potential and deliver quality service. On the other hand, employees influence morale and climate within organization brining unique values and traditions, knowledge and skills. Organizational culture means unique beliefs, values and traditions accepted and followed by a particular organization. Martin (2002) singles out several characteristics of the organizational culture: "(1) integration; (2) differentiation, (3) fragmentation" (p. 45). Organizational culture helps to account for variations among organizations and managers both nationally and internationally. It helps to explain why different groups and people perceive things in their own way and perform things differently from other groups. The concept of culture views organizations as mini societies with distinctive characteristics of their own (Robbins, 2002). In my organization, positive culture helps employees to reduce complexity and uncertainly. It provides a consistency in outlook and values, and makes possible the processes of decision making, co-ordination and control. Organizational culture is important because it develops over time and in response to environmental factors. In many cases, friendly relations and positive atmosphere in the workplace help to increase productivity and commitment of employees. Diversity In organizations, all employees come from different cultural and social environment; they have different social statuses and class location, different religious beliefs and belong to different cultures. Differences are bound to exist, due simply to the physical characteristics of the employees, such as sex, nation race. Diversity means "differences' between employees based on age, sex, professional background, social class, religion, traditions, nationality, race, etc. There are always certain groups in any society that are discriminated against unfavorably due to the prejudices and preconceptions of the people with whom they have to deal (Robbins, 2002). Geographical and age differences are the main diversity factors in my organization. Age is one of the main factors which have a profound impact on individual behavior. During life time, employees' attitudes to work will change and the traditional demarcation lines between young and aged employees become evident. Geographical differences can be explained as a result of different social cultures and background typical for rural and urban dwellers. Some rural areas are disconnected from the world culture which resulted in limited information available for rural employees. These differences influence personal relations employees and their attitude towards organization. It is important, therefore, to understand the role of diversity action and the pervasive influences which it exercises over the behavior of people. Communication Communication is one of the most dominant activities occurring in any work setting. Top executives, and those aspiring to become top executives, provide an equally important barometer of the need for better organizational communication. Researchers state that: "how an

Special skills Essay Example for Free

Special skills Essay Moreover, employers are not just looking at our academic qualification to employ us as an accountant but also considering our other special skills, which will be advantage for us in getting a job among few hundreds of people. We can develop our special skills from young age and use it during interviews. Firstly, we should have excellent communication skills. Communications skills are the most important skill we need to have because it is a basic need in any field of jobs. An accountant cannot be good just at calculating numbers although accountancy involves numbers, sometimes we have to explain those numbers to clients with strong and clear voice. It will give a trust to our clients in the way we explain it. Furthermore, we can build up a friendly relationship with our fellow co-workers. This friendly relationship will help us during difficult times to solve our problems. In additionally, we can make friends with unknown people by having effective communication which will be useful in our future. Beverly D.  Flaxington, says, â€Å"When you are presenting to a board, an investor or a prospect, you need to know how to convey complex information in a way people can easily understand†. The next special skill an account requires is computer skills. Nowadays, almost all accountants will have to work with designed accounting software, which will make their work faster and simpler. Likewise, we can able to handle this job precisely if we are good with computers and can quickly learn new accounting software. Besides that, organizational skills are also significant skill for an accountant. Today, there are many group projects involving an accountant so there is necessary for an accountant to have organizational skills, which will bring success to the project. For example, in some projects, accountants need to schedule the time and manage budgets to complete the project magnificently. There are many other special skills such as an aptitude for math, strong analytical skills, a thirst for knowledge, a passion for detail. Today employers select or require at least a minimum a bachelors degree in accounting in order to employed as a staff accountant as accountant. A minimum of 3. 5 above CGPA is needed in order to be appointed as an accountant and with active involving in activities. Employers demand an individual to obtain at least 150 credit hours before becoming as a certified accountant. In an accounting related field, a masters degree is necessary for certain managerial positions as well as special certification. The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) is the largest and fastest-growing global professional accountancy body in the world. The ACCA is a famous requirement for huge organizations. Licensure such as Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) and Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW) is also useful when you could not pass the ACCA exam. Although basic skills are good enough to enter the accounting field, the higher the level education you have the better your chances of you enhancing in an accounting career. Nowadays, employers seek for accountants who have more than one year working experience. This happens because employers believe that the accountant with experience will understand the work better and finish the work faster and accurately. Consequently, fresh graduates like us will suffer to get job because we are do not have any experience excluding our practical training about 6 months. Sometimes, if we are lucky or we know people who are working accounting field will an opportunity for us to get a job easily. The traditional career paths for political scientists academe and law are increasingly crowded. Todays graduates are just as likely to consider employment in the private as in the public sector, but there are relatively few sources to help you as you make your choices. This guide is designed to fill the gap and supplement other materials of a more general nature that will assist you in your job search. It is aimed at political scientists (at the B. A. , M. A. , and Ph. D. levels) seeking a career outside of an academic or teaching environment. This is not because careers of the latter type (or law for that matter) are so congested that they are not worth considering. Most universities and academic counsellors are familiar with these paths and can give good advice on how to follow them. The interest in non-academic careers is more recent, and so is less familiar. Something you have probably asked yourself (and been asked by others! ) is what can I do with a degree in political science? . Political science is not an accredited profession and so even the most capable political scientist is not qualified to do any particular job in the same sense as an engineer or a physician is. Indeed, the discipline as a whole has traditionally been somewhat resistant to the idea of career training for government service or the private sector. Even the public administration and public policy fields, which come closest to an explicit training model, prefer on the whole to remain at arms length from governments and corporations. This does not mean, however, that you lack specific skills that might be of use on the job market. While it is probably best to think as broadly as possible about the background and skills that you can offer to an employer, your academic training has nonetheless focused on one discipline, and you should see that as a strength. This guide assumes that while political science is not a unique qualification for any one career, it does confer because of the core concerns of the discipline some advantages in seeking employment with government departments and agencies, public affairs departments in private firms, interest associations and for research positions. A senior official with the government of Canada, for example, notes that political science has given me a wide background in the parliamentary process and provided me with certain writing and research skills. I am at ease when talking with parliamentarians about issues of the day, perhaps more so than those of my colleagues who have not had training in political science. This is a career guide, but it is not careerist. You should not pursue political science simply because political science may help in some ways to get you a job. If you are a junior undergraduate, you should consider your academic options as carefully as your career options. You will do better in a field that interests and challenges you than in a field chosen only because you think it might provide future employment. This guide shows you (and your parents! ) that political science can lead to satisfying and interesting careers. You should only choose political science if you think that it will satisfy your intellectual needs. By the same token, realize that there are few non-academic jobs for specialists in 18th century French materialism! If your inclinations already lie in a predominantly non-academic career, maximize the benefit of your academic training by taking courses in cognate disciplines such as economics, and acquire some familiarity with public sector organization, management, budgeting and policy-making. The job market these days is intensely competitive, and the best jobs will go to the best-prepared and most-qualified. One word of caution. This is not a complete job search guide. It has a specific audience in mind and a specific purpose as well: to sketch out the most likely alternative careers for political scientists and provide some basic information on who to contact and how to get started. There is much more to finding a job than can be contained in a short guide like this one. You should consult with a faculty member on possible career paths and opportunities. As well, some universities offer job or career counselling and placement services. Many companies and government agencies try to come directly onto campus from time to time to interview and hire, and you should keep your eyes open for events of this type (they come as early as September, so begin checking at campus employment centres around that time). You might also wish to consult some of the following sources on employment market trends and job search techniques and skills.

Carvers Realism From Fires Essay examples -- essays research papers f

How does Carver create precision of reality with his characters, focusing on Fires? When looking at the works of Raymond Carver, one can feel a sense of autobiography, that the characters in his stories are struggling against the same circumstances that Carver himself once struggled through. How true this is, is marginal to say the least, for Carver tells us in Fires that anything from a phone call to living in a seedy apartment in Jerusalem for four months is cause to influence his writing. But taking this as subject of influence for his stories, one must then look at his characters, who at times more than closely resemble a certain element of Carver himself in a certain situation that Carver has since been in. The essence of the characters make Carvers stories all the more realistic, as you can sense the trials and tribulations that these people have gone through, and are being faced with as we read each page further. In looking at Carvers Fires, a collaborations of essays, poems, and stories, we can see the realism of each character, and in doing so, reflect them upon Carver for some likeness. But is this truly where the characters come from? Are they just a reflection of Carver and his life? In private desperation, Raymond Carvers characters struggle through their lives, knowing, with occasional clarity, that the “good life'; they had once hoped would be achieved through hard work, will not come about. In many ways, Carvers life was the model for all of his characters. Married to Maryann Burke at nineteen, and having two children in the space of seventeen months, the Carvers life was decided for years to come. Early on Carver felt, along with his wife, that hard work would take care of nearly everything. We had great dreams, my wife and I. We thought we could bow our necks, work very hard, and do all that we set our hearts to do. But we were mistaken. (Fires, p. 31) Somewhere in the middle of this life of dead end jobs and child raising, he realised, very much like one of his characters, that things would not change. He recounts one of the strongest of these moments in his essay on writing influences, Fires. He was at the laundromat washing clothes and, at this point in the essay, waiting for a dryer: When and if one of the dryers ever stopped, I planned to rush over to it with my shopping basket of damp clothes. Understand, IR... ...it feels like, by virtue of having lived it myself for so long,'; he said. “Half my family is still living like this. They still don’t know how they are going to make it through the next month or two';. (Gentry, p.138) The precision found in Carver’s writing comes from Carver himself, his experiences, his rises, and his downfalls. Carver’s stories changed with his life, and his characters reflect this. We can say a certain percentage of his stories dealt with the working poor, or alcoholics out of work, or adulterers. Or we can say that overall he dealt with people who had no hope, or little hope. He once said, “It’s strange. You never start out life with the intention of becoming a bankrupt or an alcoholic or a cheat and a thief. Or a liar.'; (Gentry, p.38) At one time Carver was all of these. And so were his characters. Bibliography Carver, R (1997) Fires: Essays, Poems, Stories The Harvill Press: London Gentry, M.B., Stull, W.L., eds.(1990) Conversations with Raymond Carver University Press of Mississippi: Jackson Nesset, K (1995) The Stories of Raymond Carver-A Critical Study Ohio University Press: Athens Pp.1-8

Consumer Resistance to Innovations

Consumer resistance to innovations: the marketing problem and its solutions This article describes the major barriers which create customer resistance to innovations. This understanding is important because of the high rate of new product failure. A major cause for this is consumer resistance, although consumers are pro-innovation. It’s a normal, instinctive response of customers. This article suggests marketing strategies to overcome these barriers. Innovation resistance can appear in customers because it disrupts their established routines and they can be happy with the current status quo.The higher the discontinuity of an innovation, the higher the resistance is likely to be. Also, consumers have their own belief structure. An innovation can conflict with this which can results in resistance. There are various characteristics of innovation resistance. First, there are different groups regarding to the timing of adoption of an innovation (Innovators, Early Adopters, Early Ma jority, Late Majority and Laggards). Second, resistance varies in degree; (1) inertia (they may feel disinclined to adopt the innovation), (2) active resistance, (3) very active resistance.Third, resistance is influenced by the degree of change/discontinuity and/ or the extent to which it conflicts with consumer’s belief structure. There are two kinds of barriers which create consumer resistance. The article gives some explanation how to undo these barriers: 1. Functional barriers Usage barrier: the most common reason for customer resistance to an innovation is that it’s not compatible with existing workflows, practices or habits. The more existing habits have to change, the more the resistance will be. UNDO: develop a systems perspective to market the innovation.The innovating firm has to estimate how its new product will fit into the existing system, by looking at the whole operation. A second strategy is to integrate the innovation into the preceding activity or pro duct. Finally, overcome usage barriers by making the innovation mandatory through government legislation: lawmakers have to say they are convinced that customers will benefit from the innovation. Value barrier: there has to be a good performance-to-price value compared with product substitutes, otherwise there is no incentive for customers to change.UNDO: provide significant performance value over existing alternatives. Second, reduce the manufacturing costs of the innovation and decrease the price of the product. Third, add value to the innovation by successful positioning the product. Risk barrier: every innovation can have potential side effects that cannot be anticipated. Customers will try to postpone the innovation until they can learn more about is. There are 4 main types of risk inherent in an innovation. (1) physical risk: harm to person or property (2) economic risk: the higher the cost, the higher the perceived economic risk. 3) functional risk: customers can worry that t he innovation may not work properly because it’s not been fully tested. (4) social risk: customers can feel scared to face peer ridicule when they adopt the innovation. UNDO: Offer the innovation on a trial basis to potential customers. Second, show testimonials from experts who objectively evaluate the innovation. Third, package the innovation under a well-known name. 2. Psychological barriers Traditional barrier: innovations can create a cultural change for the customer. The more the customer deviate from traditions, the more resistance there can be.UNDO: understand and respect cultural traditions. Second, educate customers/market education. Third, use change agents. Once industry leaders adopt the innovation, the rest will do the same. Image barrier: this is a perceptual problem that arises out of stereotyped thinking. If associations the product class or where its manufactured is unfavorable, there can be created a barrier to adoption. UNDO: Suggest to people that its sil ly to carry such stereotypes and make fun of the image. Second, create a unique image for the product of service (for example using a cowboy theme).Third, associate the innovation with someone/something with a positive public image. Each of these strategies for countering the barrier for innovation may be classified into one of the five types: product strategy, communication strategy, pricing strategy, market strategy and coping strategy. The answer to successful innovation lies in understanding the causes of resistance and cope with these causes. S. Ram & Jagdish N. Sheth (1989) â€Å"Consumer resistance to innovations: the marketing problem and its solutions†, The Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 6 Iss: 2; pp. 5-14

Proud to Be a Filipino Essay

Filipinos are abundant in terms of culture, tradition, cuisine, and transportation. All of us Filipinos should be proud of them. There are a lot of tourist spots in the Philippines that we can be proud of. And to introduce my culture would be fun and great. I would make them ride a jeepney, eat some street food like kwek-kwek and drink some alcohol like tagaka. First, I would make foreigners ride a jeepney. It is one of the transportations in the Philippines. It has four wheels and a lot of colors and designs. It has a small aluminium horse in the front as a sign of a traditional jeepney. It is the most used transportation in the Philippines because it has the cheapest fare among the other transportation here in the Philippines. Second, I would make them eat some street foods like kwek-kwek. It is a Filipino street food that is made up of hard-boiled egg or quail egg coated with orange batter and flour. It is deep fried and served with cucumber, salt, and vinegar. Lastly, I would let them drink the â€Å"tagaka† an alcoholic drink made in the Philippines. It is a drink made of tanduay, gatas, and kape. It is mixed and it taste like chuckie. It is popular among the Filipino drinkers. It is cheaper than a bailey drink. It is taste like a cocktail and you can taste the bitterness of the coffee, the sweetness of the milk and the taste of the alcohol. Our colourful and lively Philippine culture that makes us distinctly Filipino is the one thing that makes us different from the rest of the world. We do have different traditions and beliefs but all of them are purely Filipino. There are many other kinds of foods and transportations that are purely Filipino. Let us be proud of our nationality.

Napoleonic Light Cavalry Tactics Essays

Napoleonic Light Cavalry Tactics Essays Napoleonic Light Cavalry Tactics Essay Napoleonic Light Cavalry Tactics Essay Napoleonic Light Cavalry Tactics is a literature work that explains how light cavalry equipment was of essence during the Napoleon war. During this period, there was use of different types of equipment and fire arms. Equipment and fire arms used were divided into two, the heavy and the light cavalry tactics. The light cavalry comprised of Cossacks, Hussars, Chasseurs, Dragoons and Lancers. This work was authored by Philip Haythornthwaite who is recognized internationally as an author and an expert in military history from the 18th to the 19th century. His area of interest was in the napoleon war which till date has been among the greatest wars in history. Having written over forty books, papers and articles about military history. He has a vast understanding of military history, this explains the detailed information provided in the book. The author used thirty two sources in the book; they have been used accordingly and can be used to account for the information provided in the book. Napoleonic Light Cavalry Tactics is divided into seven chapters, beginning with the introduction this topic discuss how the light cavalry was developed, the subsequent chapters discuss the deployment and organisation, formation and tactics used in operating the light cavalry, the lancer its merits and demerits, the mamlukes and Cossacks, tasks performed by the light cavalry and finally tactics in practise. The book is organized systematically; this enables the reader to understand every chapter well gradually. Discussion The book has made use of a number of sources, from the introduction all the way to the last chapter. Sources used can evidently account for information in the book. The introduction used sources like the elite volume 188 Napoleonic heavy and cavalry tactics, this sources describes the importance of the light cavalry in the Napoleonic war, it describes how the light cavalry came to be and the merits that came with it being in use during the war. In-depthinformation on the hussar, chasseurs and the light dragon can be attributed to the books authored by Bukhari E. in his books he discusses in detail how the Napoleonic light chasseurs, the hussars and the napoleons dragoon and lancers. All in separate books to be able to fully explain their use and the advantages and disadvantages that came with use of each of them. The second chapter referred to elite 188 for information regarding the organisation and deployment of the light cavalry, the author further encourages the reader to read the book of references in order to get more information regarding the subject matter. Generally the sources used in the book are relevant in each context that they are used. The book comes with a lot of information that is important in the study of military history, the sources used in the book also serve as strength as they can also be used for references in future, and it is also rich in literature material and can be used as a reference book for student studying literature. This is a few of the strengths that the book holds. The book brings to me a better understanding of the light cavalry tactics used in the napoleon times. It carries with it some element of truth that gives better and clear insights on the importance of the napoleon light cavalry. Napoleonic Light Cavalry Tactics has provided useful information on the use of light cavalry tactics used in the napoleon war. From the mode of transportation used to the fire arms used, and the mode of dressing by the men who were in the war. This is a book that can be of great importance to scholar who seeks to know more about military history from the 18th to the 19th century. I highly recommend this book for other people to read and benefit from it.

hemophilia essays

hemophilia essays Hemophilia is a genetic bleeding disorder. People who have hemophilia have a deficiency or an absence of a coagulation protein. A blood clotting factor is deficient or absent. Bleeding is most often into joints, such as the knee, elbow, or ankle, but bleeding can occur anywhere in the body. People with hemophilia bleed longer, not faster. The severity of hemophilia varies greatly. Hemophilia A and Hemophilia B are the most common genetic bleeding disorders. Hemophilia A is observed in 80 percent of hemophiliacs and is a deficiency or absence of Factor VIII. It can also be referred to as "classic" hemophilia. In the second most common, hemophilia B, factor IX is missing. This is also known as the "Christmas Disease" because of the surname of the first patient studied. Hemophilia was identified as early as biblical times. Doctors in medieval times were familiar with it as well. In 1803, a Philadelphia doctor published the first description of hemophilia in the United States. But it was not until 30 years later that hemophilia became widely recognized. Hemophilia later developed a reputation as the "royal disease" because it passed from Queen Victoria of England to her descendants throughout the royal houses of Europe. About eighty percent of all cases of hemophilia have an identifiable family history of the disease; in other instances, it may be attributable to a spontaneous mutation. Researchers recently discovered that the spontaneous mutation of the factor VIII gene in two children was due to the attachment of a foreign "jumping gene" that disrupted the blood-clotting ability of the factor VIII gene. Inheritance is controlled by a recessive sex-linked factor carried by the mother on the X chromosome. A probability of one in two exists that each boy born to a normal male and a carrier female will be hemophiliac and the same chance that each girl of this union will be a carrier. Of the children of a hemophiliac mal...

101 Social Media Statistics You Need to Know in 2018 - CoSchedule

101 Social Media Statistics You Need to Know in 2018 Social media changes fast. Sometimes, it feels like too much to keep up with. But, if youre going to succeed, you need to know the latest trends and industry stats. You want to know that what youre doing isnt already outdated. And you dont want to miss opportunities, either. Youre busy though. Who has time to keep tabs on all that stuff? If thats how youre feeling, its a good thing youre here. To make things easy, weve pulled together  101 important social media marketing statistics, all in one place. This post is packed with the most up to date information to help you start 2018 off on the right foot. From social media video, demographic data, and usage stats, weve covered it all. Now lets get reading! 101 Social Media Statistics You Need To Know To Build Your 2018 StrategyGet Your 70 Bonus Social Media Statistics Infographic Packing a full 101 stats into one post, would well run a little bit long. Whos got time for that? If the answer is not you, then grab our social media statistics infographic. Its got an extra 70 stats you can easily skim and keep on hand for reference. Download it now, then read through the rest of the post. DID YOU KNOW: makes it easy to organize and execute your entire social media strategy on one unified marketing calendar? Start your free trial or schedule a demo to learn how. TL;DR: Get Your Stats In One Handy Presentation Is clicking left-to-right more your speed than reading this whole post? We get it. Like we said earlier, you're busy (we all are). So, we pulled together this Slidedeck: 8 Social Media Facts That Show Why It’s Important For Your Business Social media marketing needs to be part of your marketing strategy. Why? The number of social media users is on the rise and isn’t going to die down anytime soon. Those users include your potential customers. And if you want to reach them, then you have to play the game. Here are eight more reasons why in case you’re on the fence. 88% of Businesses Are Using Social Media It’s a safe bet to say that almost all businesses are active on social media. If you aren’t, it’s more likely than not that your competitor is. Don’t let them steal your customers! 88% of businesses are using social media.2/3rds of All Americans Are Using Social Media Over  90% of young Americans are active  on different social networks. Using social media can help get your business in front of them at the right time. Two-thirds of all Americans are using social media.67% of All Americans Report Getting Their News From Social Media That means that 217 million people are turning to social  platforms to keep up with current events. Why not let your business’s messages be a part of that daily traffic too? 67% of Americans are using social media.81% of the US Population Has At Least One Social Media Profile The chance of getting your organization's messaging across to consumers at the right time is easier than ever. Why? Because of the increased number of social media users. In fact, that number has grown 5% over the past year. 81% of the US population has at least one social media profile.96% of People Who Talk About Your Brand Online Don’t Follow It This means that the discussion that is happening around your brand  isn’t always coming from your followers. It’s important to keep that statistic in mind when you’re reporting on share of voice metrics. 96% of the people who talk about your brand online aren't actually following you.52% of Social Media Marketers Say That Showing ROI Is One of Their Top Challenges Showing the return on investment for any social media strategist  can cause a panicked reaction. How can you prove to your boss what’s working? and Google Analytics may be able to help you there. 52% of social media marketers say showing ROI is one of their top challenges.91% of Social Media Users Are Accessing Social Channels Via Mobile Devices The use of mobile devices on the rise. Social media strategists need to  make sure that everything they create still conveys the intended message in a portable format. 91% of social media users are accessing social channels via mobile devices.Customers Spend 20-40% More On Companies Who Engage With Them On Social Media If that statistic isn’t enough to get you interacting with your fans online, we don’t know what will. Whether it’s addressing a complaint or saying thanks for a helpful review, genuine interactions will go a long way for your audience. Customers spend 20%-40% more on companies who engage with them on social media.5 Social Media Video Statistics Video marketing is a new frontier for social media marketers. With the addition of live video and disappearing daily stories, marketers are having to think outside the box when it comes to finding new ways to reach their audience. Check out these five statistics on the growth of video marketing. 43% of People Want To See More Video Content From Marketers Your audience is begging for this content. Don’t leave them hanging. 43% of people want to see more video content.100 Million Hours of Video Content is Watched On Facebook Daily That’s equal to about 4.2 days worth of watchable content being consumed in just one day! Recommended Reading: How to Do Facebook Video Marketing the Right Way 86% of Business Related Video Views Take Place On Desktop Computers With that many people consuming your organization's content via desktop both your social media strategists and your video team need to make sure that videos are optimized for desktop viewing. 86% of business-related video views in 2015 took place on desktop computers.56% of All Videos Published Last Year Are Less Than Two Minutes Long We have a shorter attention span than a standard goldfish. That means that a 20-minute video isn’t going to go over well on social media. Remember to keep it concise. [Tweet "56% of all videos published in 2015 were less than two minutes long." The Average Video Retains 37% of Viewers To The End If only 37% of your audience makes it to the end  of your video, put the most need-to-know information first! The average video retains 37% of viewers to the end.8 Social Media Usage Statistics Tracking who is using what social media channel can help your organization predict where your audience is coming from and when they are going to be active. Read these eight statistics and learn how you can target your potential consumers on the right channel at the right time. 70% of Social Media Time Is Spent On Mobile Devices Because mobile devices are nearly always in use  marketers, need to check that their social content is viewable/ still looks good in a different format. 70% of social media time is spent on mobile devices.200 Million People Use Instagram Stories a Month Instagram Stories has grown immensely  over the past few years since its inception. That type of exposure is not something your brand wants to miss out on. 200 million people use Instagram Stories every month.2.5 Billion People Use Messaging Apps The use of messaging apps is growing  and with the creation of autoresponders. How marketers begin to tap into that potential will change the way we use social media marketing. 2.5 billion people use messaging apps.The Average LinkedIn User Spends 17 Minutes On The Site Per Month That means the content you publish has a tiny window of time to make an impact. Choose what you post wisely. Recommended Reading: How to Build the Best LinkedIn Marketing Strategy For Your Business There Are 178 Million Active Snapchat Users Daily If your business is looking to target millennials or generation Z’ers, Snapchat is where it’s at. There are 178 million active Snapchat users daily.Social Media Users Spend An Average of 135 Minutes Per Day Online That’s over two hours worth of content that your audience is consuming every single day. What can you do to help your messages stand out in a sea of content? Social media users spend an average of 135 minutes per day online.80% of People Use Pinterest On Mobile Work with your graphic designers to ensure that everything you post to Pinterest is still viewable on a mobile device. Recommended Reading: The Ultimate Guide to Marketing With Pinterest 2.07 Billion People Are Actively Using Facebook With that many active users, there’s little doubt that at least part of your target audience will be on Facebook in some capacity. Don’t miss your chance to reach them. 2.07  billon people are actively using Facebook.5 Social Media Advertising Statistics Advertising is without a doubt the most efficient way to reach your audience on any social media platform. Navigating it, on the other hand, can be a bit tricky. Here are five statistics to help you create your social media advertising strategy. 93% of Social Media Advertisers Use Facebook Advertising For your content to break through the noise on Facebook,  you’re going to have to boost your posts or turn them into advertisements. 93% of social media advertisers use Facebook advertising.49% of 18 to 29-Year-Olds Have Purchased Something They Saw In a Social Media Ad The younger generation’s journey to purchasing a product is changing. They are starting to be influenced not only by what they see on TV but by what appears in their social media feeds. 49% of 18 to 29-year-olds have purchased something they saw in a social media ad.26% of Facebook Users Who Click On An Ad Make A Purchase Facebook is one of the most popular social media advertising spots between the major platforms. Its ability to convert and reach audiences makes a significant impact. The Average Click Through Rate On A Facebook Ad is .90% Across all of the different industries, WordStream found that the average click-through rate Facebook ads are .90%. The average click-through rate on a Facebook ad is .90%75% to 90% of a Facebook Ad’s Performance is Based on Images In other words, if you’re creating an advertisement for Facebook include dynamic images. This will help make an impact on your viewers. 75% to 90% of a Facebook ad's performance is based on images.5 Social Media Demographic and User Statistics Need more specifics on who is using what channel? Check out these five user and demographic statistics. 83% of Millennials Are On Facebook If your business is looking at millennials as your target audience, start with Facebook. It’s the most active platform for that age group. 83% of Millenials are on Facebook.80% Of Millennials Say Pinterest Helps Them Find What They Want To Buy If you're targeting millennials,  Pinterest would be a strong contender in helping get your products in front of them. 80% of Millenials say Pinterest helps them find what they want to buy.84% Of 30-49 Year Olds Use Facebook While a majority of millennials are active on Facebook, don’t count the older generations out just yet. 84% of 30-49 year olds use Facebook.Over Half Of Instagram Users Are Between The Ages of 18-29 Instagram is another favorite channel for the millennial crowd, with 59% of them using the channel frequently.

Community Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Community Project Management - Essay Example These members are responsible for electing the management committee. The management committee looks after all the activity of the community based organization. This management committee is responsible for legal matters, financial position of the organization, & providing of good quality of service. So if we analyze all the organization listed above, we find that these organizations are working for helping the community as & when required. These organizations are big organizations and having large number of members. Members play an important role in helping the people who are in need. Members of these organizations are also responsible for providing good quality of service. These organizations are also known as non profit organization. The management of these non profit community organizations is known as community project management. Designing & implementation of community project management is depending upon the type of community organization. Following factors affects the designing of a community project management: (Reference 1, Page No.-60). 1) Organization size: The size of community organization plays a vital role in designing and implementation of community project management. As the size increases the community project management becomes more critical & difficult to manage. 2) Technology used: During designing of community project management one should take ca... As the size increases the community project management becomes more critical & difficult to manage. 2) Technology used: During designing of community project management one should take care of the recent technology used by the community organization. On the basis of technology used by the organization, designing of community project management takes place. 3) Operating environment: Operating environment is also a crucial and important factor in community project management. Operating environment means the environment in which the organization is operating. During designing one should take care of operating environment, so that the future problem with the environment can be minimize. 4) Sources: The sources of the services should be taken into consideration while designing the community project management. During designing one should take care of the availability of the sources. The sources which are easily available and of good quality are taken into the consideration while designing community project management. 5) Strategy: Strategy of the community also helps in designing of community project management. Following three type of strategy used in the community organization a) Long term strategy b) Short term strategy c) Middle term strategy. So while designing the community project management, strategy should be taken into consideration for optimal utilization of resources available. Project Life Cycle (Reference 1, Page No.-55). While designing the community project management we should know the life cycle of the project. Without the study of project life cycle, we can not design the community project management. Following components are very important in project life cycle: 1) Project Requirement 2) Designing 3)

Legal and Ethical Questions in Healthcare Assignment

Legal and Ethical Questions in Healthcare - Assignment Example It may be easier to argue that the physicians are right to suppress treatment on the patient, but a critical look at the case renders illegitimate, the approach they are taking. It is not lucid to argue that resources being used to treat the comatose patient are scarce, since not all patients are ICU or comatose patients. The growing number of outpatient referrals and attendees and the presence of patients needing less serious medical attention downplay the notion that healthcare resources are too scarce to support the right group. At the same time, the argument that it is unfair to spend a lot of money on the elderly instead of the relatively youthful smacks of ageism. The principle of benevolence (beneficence) also requires that the doctors should act in the patient’s best interests. It is clear that the comatose patient has not communicated his will (whether to have a Physician aid-in-dying, or not), and therefore, it is unlawful for these physicians to arrogate themselves this duty. The principle of non-malfeasance also prohibits these physicians from harming the patient. To extend the argument that non-malfeasance can have a double meaning to the elderly is not enough since even the young can be terminally ill. Likewise, the party that should characterize actions pertaining to non-malfeasance has not yet been ascertained; whether it is the doctor, the profession, the society or the patient. The action being taken by the physicians is unlawful, as it borders along passive euthanasia. Lastly, the principle of autonomy also asserts the right and legitimacy of patients to choose how their illnesses should be treated and to speak in this light. It is not right to argue that as people grow older, they lose the ability to make decisions, unless the patient is legally declared non compos mentis. Even in the case of non compos mentis, categorizing the patient as unwanted in lieu of wanted, must factor the input of the legal surrogate or an Advanced Directive . Question 2 As the government reduces payments for healthcare services, the ethical issues of limiting care that are bound to emerge, border on the EOL (end of life). Particularly, concerns such as the kind of care and the amount of money that should be expended on people with limited lifespan are to arise. This development is likely to catalyze conflicts between physicians and patients’ family members on the essence and extent of appropriate care. Annually, the government has had to absorb billions for undocumented and uncompensated care. In 2008 for instance, hospitals were compelled to absorb 36 billion US dollars in unpaid care. This figure included bills and charity care that remained unpaid by both the underinsured and the uninsured. Similarly, in the event that the government cuts its funding for healthcare services, people with no resources to access healthcare services are likely to turn to unqualified medical centers and practitioners. This is because restricted fu nding by the government will have made healthcare services inaccessible and too expensive for many (Leigh & Wheatley, 2010). According to Dewar (2010), the state's responsibility to ensure healthcare services is diverse, given that healthcare services and goods are public or social goods. It is the government’s responsibility to ensure the highest level of affordability and accessibility to healthcare services by the public. The government can do this by for instance, easing

Audiometry Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Audiometry - Lab Report Example It also assists in assessing the nature, degree, and probable cause of the hearing impairment of s patient. The pure tone audiometry is used in determining the threshold of hearing of the patient. This is defined by the lowest hearing level at which the patient responds at least 51% of the time to auditory stimuli. These thresholds are found using procedures as recommended by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Pure tone threshold testing should be handled in a sound controlled room. This will help in avoiding masking by unacceptable noise levels in the room. An audiogram is composed of three main parts namely, pure tone testing that determines ability to detect sound, and speech testing determines ability to decode sound, and tympanometry which helps in defining where the problem is. The normal hearing ability ranges between 10 - 25 dB HL while for serve cases it ranges between severe 70 - 85 dB HL. For the first patient, the left ear, frequencies between 0-2000(Hz), the hearing ability ranges between -20—50dBHL. As the rate increases past 2000 Hz, the hearing ability increases from -30 to -10 dBHL. However, when the rate hits past 4000 Hz, the hearing ability decreases to -36 dBHL. On the other hand, the right ear, the hearing ability increases gradually except when the frequency reaches 250-500 Hz where the hearing ability remains constant. However, this shows the right ear has a better listening ability. For the second patient, the hearing ability varies between different frequencies. In the left ear, the hearing ability increases between 250-2000 Hz. However, when the frequency goes past 2000 Hz, the hearing ability starts to decrease. This illustrates that when sound frequency goes beyond 2000 Hz, the hearing ability of the left ear becomes null. However, for the left ear, the hearing ability increases. The majority of thresholds are roughly 0 dB HL for a healthy ear. Points under 0 dB HL on the scale designate

Write topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Write topic - Essay Example How does the child compare to what the textbook identifies as age-typical. (you can also use other appropriate sources for developmental milestones if you reference them) Opening of doors and pulling at items. Toddlers at this age can be able to use their legs and hands but not in a refined way but they have the gross motor skills. The child’s actions compares to those explained in the book. 4. Give examples of fine motor skills that you observed. What does the textbook say for infants and toddlers of this age? How does the child compare to what the textbook identifies as age-typical. (you can also use other appropriate sources for developmental milestones if you reference them) The toddler is able to hold cups and can even pick pieces on the surface. The fine motor skills are not fully developed but there is evidence of their existence as can be observed in the toddler’s use of fingers. 5. Provide three examples of sensory perception the child uses while involved in activity during your observation. What does the textbook say about those sense modalities and their development in infants and toddlers? How do they compare to what the textbook identifies as age-typical? (for example: A baby turns his head toward his mother when she calls his name, a baby makes a face when she tastes something sour, a toddler watches the family dog walk across the room.) The baby observes the actions on the television, during feeding, the baby spits food that they do not like and he also listens when a familiar song is sang to him. These perceptions are in line with the book as the toddler is grossly able to distinguish taste, sound and visual

Sexual Disconnect Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sexual Disconnect - Term Paper Example She also notes that any sexual involvement between a minor, any person below the age of 18, also referred as a child, and an individual five or more years older, then there is a high likelihood that the child or minor is being exploited. This is to mean there is an imbalance of power between the victim and the abuser in terms of physical size and strength, age and the kind of emotional relational relationship they are involved in. she further notes that the perpetrators are not usually strangers necessarily, most of the reported cases have been acquaintances of these children and even people these children trust and have a deep relationship with such as family members. Sexual abuse takes several forms. They will involve both use of contact which is physical and non-physical acts. Physical abuse include actions such as fondling, kissing done in a sexual way, contact with the private parts which include breasts, vagina, penis and buttocks, inserting objects into the genitals, rubbing o f abuser’s genitals against the genitals of the child or even the child’s clothing and intercourse. ... There will be behavioural change within the child which can easily be noted by those caring for the child such as the parents and the teachers. Response to sexual abuse is different for different children in respect to the age of the child, the severity or extent of the abuse, duration of the abuse as well as the relationship between the victim and the perpetrator. A guardian, care giver or teacher interacting with the child will know of child abuse through certain projections such as pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, bruises in part like the mouth, difficulty when walking or sitting, discharge in the genitals, difficulty in sleeping such as nightmares, anxiety, depression, self-injurious acts such as cutting or suicidal attempts, explicit sexual knowledge for a child of an inappropriate age or even withdrawal of a child from other people (Child Sexual Fact Sheet, 2009). The children’s actions cannot therefore be termed as sexual abuse. This is because the students b eing in the same class are likely to be of similar ages therefore indicating no imbalance of power in terms of age or physical size and strength. Being the first instance for the occurrence, it is difficult to determine whether the two had been engaging in such actions for some time. When the teacher walks in to check on the boys, she finds both of the laughing. Sexual abuse does not occur for the mutual excitement of both participants but it acts to victimize the individual being abused while only exciting the perpetrator. A five year old child may also not be aware of issues to do with sexual intimacy; the boys were probably experimenting to quest inquisitive nature. Sexual orientation refers to the sex of those who are sexually attracted. Individuals attracted to

Kant and Hume on Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Kant and Hume on Morality - Essay Example Later on these views are critically analysed to establish which point of view is better. Kant Kant argues for an a priori basis for morality in his work. The central concept is the â€Å"categorical imperative†. The author sees morality springing from nothing other than pure reason. This contradicts Hume directly who held that reason could never be ground to justify morality. However, Kant states that people’s personhood and dignity should always be respected. People can be treated as both a means and an end simultaneously but not merely as means. Lying has been used as an example by Kant to justify his notion. He considers lying to be immoral under any circumstances and for any purpose at all. Actions must be universal according to Kant. Moreover, morality cannot be treated as an issue of mere preference or taste. Kant has utilised maxims to establish the a priori basis for morality. Volition is wanted that is a rule that is followed by an intentional act. He argues th at any moral actions must fall into one of the five categories that constitute the categorical imperative. ... thing: â€Å"can be regarded as good without qualification, except a good will.† 1 Good will is seen as the beacon that guides a person to doing the right thing. In case that a person fails to do a good thing, the good will has not failed. Instead the ability to carry out the good will has failed. Following the establishment of good will, Kant moves to establish moral obligations and duty. He delineates that many acts are done out of personal consideration rather than for the sake of morality. A shopkeeper who uses honest prices is doing so because he wishes to be respected by his customers and not merely for the sake of morality alone. Kant believes that such a person â€Å"deserves praise and encouragement, but not esteem.† 2 People who commit the greatest moral acts are the ones who commit such actions without regard for reward. Kant affirms that these are the only people who are actually acting morally. Durkheim’s altruistic suicide is seen by Kant as an este emed action because the man giving up his life gains nothing out of it. As per Kant: â€Å"Duty is the necessity to act out of reverence for the (moral) law.† 3 Following the moral law in intrinsic sense of right and wrong is a person’s greatest obligation. Hence, morality is a priori as per Kant. He further proposes four situations that demand decision making to with respect to duty. These are: actions contrary to duty for example stealing; dutiful actions carried out in fear of reprisal or penalties for example paying taxes, not violating traffic signs; dutiful actions that are carried out because of the agent’s prior inclination to them generally because such actions are pleasurable for example any labour of love; dutiful actions that contradict personal inclination for example not resorting to suicide

Sexual Disconnect Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sexual Disconnect - Term Paper Example She also notes that any sexual involvement between a minor, any person below the age of 18, also referred as a child, and an individual five or more years older, then there is a high likelihood that the child or minor is being exploited. This is to mean there is an imbalance of power between the victim and the abuser in terms of physical size and strength, age and the kind of emotional relational relationship they are involved in. she further notes that the perpetrators are not usually strangers necessarily, most of the reported cases have been acquaintances of these children and even people these children trust and have a deep relationship with such as family members. Sexual abuse takes several forms. They will involve both use of contact which is physical and non-physical acts. Physical abuse include actions such as fondling, kissing done in a sexual way, contact with the private parts which include breasts, vagina, penis and buttocks, inserting objects into the genitals, rubbing o f abuser’s genitals against the genitals of the child or even the child’s clothing and intercourse. ... There will be behavioural change within the child which can easily be noted by those caring for the child such as the parents and the teachers. Response to sexual abuse is different for different children in respect to the age of the child, the severity or extent of the abuse, duration of the abuse as well as the relationship between the victim and the perpetrator. A guardian, care giver or teacher interacting with the child will know of child abuse through certain projections such as pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, bruises in part like the mouth, difficulty when walking or sitting, discharge in the genitals, difficulty in sleeping such as nightmares, anxiety, depression, self-injurious acts such as cutting or suicidal attempts, explicit sexual knowledge for a child of an inappropriate age or even withdrawal of a child from other people (Child Sexual Fact Sheet, 2009). The children’s actions cannot therefore be termed as sexual abuse. This is because the students b eing in the same class are likely to be of similar ages therefore indicating no imbalance of power in terms of age or physical size and strength. Being the first instance for the occurrence, it is difficult to determine whether the two had been engaging in such actions for some time. When the teacher walks in to check on the boys, she finds both of the laughing. Sexual abuse does not occur for the mutual excitement of both participants but it acts to victimize the individual being abused while only exciting the perpetrator. A five year old child may also not be aware of issues to do with sexual intimacy; the boys were probably experimenting to quest inquisitive nature. Sexual orientation refers to the sex of those who are sexually attracted. Individuals attracted to

Secure Networking Technologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Secure Networking Technologies - Essay Example Furthermore the paper would also state the methods to mitigate the effects of these threats that have been suggested by various authors and experts. The results of the research have proven a few things. The first finding is that switches and routers are some of the safest devices that are used to connect two different networks or different parts of a network. Other than that firewalls must always be obtained from authentic vendors, as there are individuals who disguise malware in the form of firewalls to gain access to personal computers. The third finding is regarding IDPS. These systems are relatively new and more research needs to be carried out before these systems are perfected and made available for use by the mass population. Securing Networks Introduction The invention of internet brought with it multiple opportunities. Internet helped people share, store and manage data in a completely new way. Access to data became easier and faster than ever before. Where many saw internet as a tool to benefit mankind others saw the internet as a tool to gain unauthorized access to private data. ... Moreover this paper would also suggest various methods with which these threats and vulnerabilities could be mitigated. Network switches and routers Main features and functions: Switch is a device used for the purposes of telecommunication that connects various network parts of a network to each other or connects a particular device to the network. A switch receives signals from a particular device and sends those signals to the device for which they were meant. This is one of the reasons why switches are more popular than hubs. Switches are crucial to the working of Local Area Networks (LAN) with a number of switches being a part of an average sized LAN topology (DiMarzio, 2001). The switch creates a different collision domain for every port on the network by working at the data link layer of the OSI model. That means that conversations between two different pairs of users would not be hindered with the use of a switch. Using a full duplex channel the two different pairs of users ca n even communicate with each other (DiMarzio, 2001). Routers on the other hand are used to connect two or more than two different networks to each other. Once the router receives the data packet it reads the address on the packet that informs the router where the packet has to go. Once the address is extracted the router uses its routing table to determine the network address of the packet’s destination. Form the above stated functions one can say that the router directs all the traffic on the network. The process of directing a data packet continues until the packet reaches the node it was meant for (The TCP/IP Guide, 2005). When more than one router is used to

Some People Prefer Get Up Early Essay Example for Free

Some People Prefer Get Up Early Essay I prefer get up early Some people prefer to get up early in the morning and start the days work. Others prefer to get up later in the day and work until late at night. Which do you prefer? in my view, some people want to get up early in the morning and start the days work in the hotel and some get up later in the day and start to work late at night in the night market. I prefer the first choice due to my status as a student. My cousin Pretty is a receptionist on day shift in the Diamond Hotel. To illustrate, she has to wake herself up at 4 am to cook food for breakfast because she must be at work at 7 am. Moreover, she does not have much time to watch TV or listen to the radio. She decides to share time between bathing and eating for breakfast make-up which is important for people working as receptionists in the hotel. Doing this job has an effect on her sleeping habit. She spends only five hours getting some sleep which normally takes eight hour on average. My aunt, Ann, is a street vendor who sells many things ranging from beef, pork and vegetables. To be specific, she wakes up at 2 pm to prepare goods ready before the beginning of the night market around 8 pm. Her son helps carry goods and put up a selling stall. After midnight, she and her son have to clear away the selling stall for tomorrow. This work causes her to have no time to raise and talk to her son. I study in a school because I have to take care of my dog. In this case, I have much time after work to care for her. I always take her to a park and have a walk and have dinner almost every day. The reason I can do these things is that I have the days school; therefore, I have a good opportunity to play with my dog . Getting up in the morning or later at night is a choice depending on different circumstances. The job is one of the most important indicators influencing your getting up early or late every day. For me, it affects my decision on bringing up my lovely dog.

Jean-Paul Sartre and Louis Althusser as Responses to Vichy France Essay

Jean-Paul Sartre and Louis Althusser as Responses to Vichy France The Second World War seems to have had an enormous impact on theorists writing on literary theory. While their arguments are usually confined to a structure that at first blush seems to only apply to theory, a closer examination finds that they contain an inherently political aspect. Driven by the psychological trauma of the war, theorists, particularly French theorists, find themselves questioning the structures that led to the particular events and situations of the war. Many of these writers found themselves driven to engage the lackluster resistance against the Vichy regime in France and sought critical models that explain or lay to rest the guilt of a complacent citizenry. In particular, Jean-Paul Sartre and Louis Althusser reshaped the notion of the author and the subject to encompass the existence of a complacent citizenry. Sartre primarily concerned himself with the role of the author while Althusser addressed the role of the subject. It must be remembered, however, that Sartre’s model of the committed author has implications that modify the notion of the subject to some extent, just as Althusser’s model of ideology modifies the concept of the author. In accordance to their focus (the author or the subject), the two writers come to contradictory conclusions regarding the role of personal responsibility. Addressing the issue of a complacent citizenry in â€Å"What is Literature?†, Sartre’s abstract notions of the writer reveal a certain preoccupation with the failed resistance in World War II. Specifically, he chooses to directly address the Resistance poets: How can one hope to provoke the indignation or the political enthusiasm of the rea... ... the complexity and the guilt of a complacent citizenry, both writers re-evaluated the idea of the author and the subject. In spite of being largely contradictory, they both leave room for some agreement. One could argue that the choice presented by the author to the subject in Sartre fits within Althusser’s ideology of ideologies. Insofar as it is the author’s responsibility to reveal the ideology, the world, to the subject and it is the subject’s responsibility to interpret the ideology or the text. However, this common ground is both narrow and unstable and would be difficult, at best, to support. References Althusser, Louis. â€Å"Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses.† Contemproary Critical Theory. Dan Latimer (ed.). San Diego: Harcourt 1989. Sartre, Jean-Paul. â€Å"What is Literature?† and Other Essays. Cambradge, MA: Harvard University Press 1988.

Grandma :: essays research papers

Grandma   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As I drifted down the hallway, it seemed endless. With my stomach in my throat I walked. I could not feel my feet hitting the ground, nor notice anyone around me. I just walked. The smell of the place was intoxicating. It reminded me of insulin or disinfectant spray. I entered her room; it was dark. The sound of beeping machines echoed in my ears. I walked to her bed. She was sleeping soundly. Her body was frail and looked as if she was bone covered with skin. She was weak and tired.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The cancer had been eating away at her, slowly devouring her body, life and spirit. She had been sick for a couple of months now. I hated visiting, seeing her so sick it made my stomach churn. I stayed with her at the hospital for a short time visiting. I hated seeing her, my grandma, that way. She was sick from the cancer that came back and this time it was worse.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The cancer began in the fall months of 1992. My grandma had felt a hard, pea-sized lump on her breast. She preceded to see a specialist, Dr. Whall. What she heard wasn’t exactly what she had expected. She had breast cancer. I didn’t expect it either. I was scared for her, scared for me. She was my closest friend, and my confidant and I loved her very much. I spent a lot of time with her. What would I do if I lost her? Fortunately the cancer didn’t take her away. She lost her hair and her left breast, but she made full recovery.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My grandma was as good as new. She and I spent even more time together. I cherished every minute of it, trying not to take it for granted. We went to garage sales in the summer and cooked pies in the winter. Our favorite thing to do was to watch butterflies in her garden. She was the wisest woman I knew always giving me the best advice. Wether her advice was about boys, friends, or other aspects of life she was almost always right. Everything between us was perfect again.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My grandma had been in remission for nine years. She always went for a yearly check up with Dr. Whall. Every year the tests came back topnotch. She was in perfect health. But the good health was short lived, when she went for a check up in 2001.

Environmental factors effecting motor skill development Essay

Child development is defined as to how a child ables itself to complete more difficult tasks as they grow in age. Development is often confused with growth, which refers to a child’s tendency to grow bigger in size. Parents can become concerned easily when a child’s developmental skills take longer then the â€Å"normal† or when pressures of milestones are not satisfied â€Å"on time†. Developmental milestones are functioning tasks or skills that should occur at specific ages. Observing what specific environmental factors influence the development of motor skills in the infant and toddler stages and how that compares to my findings of the children I personally documented, is what will be discussed. I searched for other scholars who have current information and academic research of similar topics finding information that was both, similar as to my own research concluding a main point that the environment of these children have an effect on how they will lea rn. A common topic that has been analyzed in these journals is Gross motor skill development. It is a specific factor that plays a crucial role in the child’s overall development and of course combined with the environment in which the child is confined to has a profound effect to the development of these motor skills (newton 2008) . The aim of this study was focusing on the two main environmental factors affecting children motor development. Looking over the articles it reveals that there are many particular factors within the family details such as socioeconomic status, mother’s educational level, relationships with family and the existence of siblings can also affect a child’s motor ability, Preschools also have became an infuencial part of development for all children but also can be a detriment to a child’s development by not attending, due to the simple fact that nowadays large amounts of time children spend at them so by not having a child go through li fe with preschool would set them back as far as motor development goes. The social-cultural background where a child is brought up from, creates specific demands for his/her motor behavior. Read more: Influences that affect children’s development essay This thought can go with the fact that movement programs are very important for the development as well, such as physical education, especially if the social-cultural environment that the child is in does not require them to be very active. If the child is not pushed or has no motivation to do these  obstacles, that are often taken for granted, then can cause a long term even life altering issue down the road. These are all the â€Å"social norms† nowadays with children. It is becoming incredibly competitive to get into colleges and other type of educational programs and it all starts from these crucial infant years where all these environmental factors that the family contributes too have a say in what a child will be like as it develops. Many of these environments are expected and often not over looked or analyzed by parents due to the reason that the child is so young that these things don’t have an impact on them yet. That is false, the first five years of a child’s life are the most important in developing these motor skills for the rest of their life, and that is a fact that is not looked at close enough by parents. This is a huge developmental problem that has been happening for ever and now that there is studies and documentation proving that this here is correct, it needs to be and is being put into action. All of the environmental factors have some way played a role in the children I observed lives but because of the limited length of paper I will discuss the two most obvious influences. This purpose of this paper is to document the environment that infants and toddlers are in and describe how these environmental factors have affected them. To begin I observed a toddler and an infant but both of the same family. The two children are different ages but similar environments and upbringings. I observed the children in there home environment looking at the situation as a Mother-child interaction first then I observed the sibling vs sibling interactions that the children tended to take a like too. I continued to follow the children on and off for two weeks at different locations and got the opportunity to observe the toddler and infant in both of these settings. At each observation site I sat with a notepad and jotted down how they interacted under these three circumstances and noted of the surroundings environments each time I observed. At the end I had a lot of notes and information to choose from, but the way that I chose what information to use was by organizing my no tes into my three main cases then divided them into infant and toddler. All the situations that most frequently happened for each child i used as conclusive information and discarded the minor details. The majority of the two weeks of observing the infant under these two cases my evidence appeared to be quite on point with other researchers studies. To begin, the mother-infant relationship (parent-child). WIthin my study I found when playing with each other the infant was much more responsive to this one on one play then a group of people. What I noticed was the child did not do as much looking and observing like statistics show or as he did in the other cases. seven out of fifteen times the mother demonstrated what I wanted the infant to do, that involved a motor skill, most of the time picking up a block or a toy car, the child attempted the action after watching the mother demonstrate. What I noticed of those fifteen times all seven of the successful tries were because it was right in front of him. if it was far away he would try with a different object that was closest to him and wouldn’t even notice that he was using a different toy. As for the toddler he payed much closer attention but on the contrary of his fifteen attempts he actually cared that he used the same exact object as his mom. For him I used a test involving throwing of a ball. His mother would throw the ball using different styles such as over the head, two hand, one had, and under arm. Eight of the fifteen attempts the toddler successfully mimicked the motor skill of which hand to use and the style in which the mom threw it, which was very surprising in this case for the reason that this usually does not develop until five or six years of age. The next case I observed was the sibling vs sibling. typically we think of the mother to be seen as the leader to specific child development. However, when the child has siblings the situation becomes much more influenced. (circirelli 1975). A child’s position in the family or sex even of the sibling has a huge influence on the interactions they have. The environment used was once again the home setting but the family has there own jungle gym outside in the backyard. I used this play set to see if these sibling influences can play a role in development of specific skills . Studies have shown that, irrespective of the age difference among the children of the family, the elder siblings lead the youngers’ behaviour (circirelli 1975) and those in turn imitate elders’ movements (abramovitch et al. 1979: Lamb 1978). As I continued my research outside I watched and studied how they  were interacting. The younger infant, surprisingly can walk at his age of sixteen mont hs old. There was a set of stairs that the toddler was walking up to get to the top of the gym and eventually slide down the slide to only continue the process over and over again. The infant continued to watch and observe for about fifteen minutes with no signs of him motivated to make a move or give it a try. To our surprise the infant began pointing and mumbling as if he wanted to make an attempt. He was brought over to the play set, climbing up the steps and eventually we got him to go down the slide. He held his hands on the railings same position as where she did as if he was copying her techniques exact and the influence of his big sister took effect. This whole process took about twenty- twenty five minutes but once he tried it one time, the infant, like his toddler sister continued to doing the routine using similar if not the same route. All in all he was hesitant, the infant waited, studied, and then slowly analyzed the process as he did it for his first time, and then continued to go on with the process as his big sister had been. The infant and the toddler both have demonstrated there developing gross motor skills. These skills are coordinated with many other parts of the body such as the legs and arms and the ability to notice what one is doing and mimic the other is all part of the development of the these physical abilities of large body movements ( Berger, 2009). Reference section 1.) kambas, A. (2009). environmental factors affecting preschoolers motor development. 2.) Infants learn about objects from statistics and people. By: Wu, Rachel, Gopnik, Alison, Richardson, Daniel C., Kirkham, Natasha Z., Developmental Psychology, 00121649, 20110901, Vol. 47, Issue 5 3.) Research Institute MOVE, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 4.)nicholson, T. (2010, june 2). What can a one year old do?. Retrieved from http://t-nicholson.suite101.com/what-can-a-one-year-old-do-a244085 5.)Developmental Science; Nov2009, Vol. 12 Issue 6, p1060-1069, 10p, 3 Charts, 4 Graphs

Responsibility of the Teacher in Lifelong Learning Sector Essay

What is the role and responsibility of a teacher in the lifelong learning sector? The roles and responsibilities of a teacher in the field of lifelong learning sector that covers all publicly funded post-16 education outside universities are extremely varied and diverse. When examined closely the diverse roles of a teacher, trainer, assessor or tutor, seem to be associated a multitude/body of expectations. Ideally the teacher should have the ability to combine roles and responsibilities in a way, which firstly benefit the pupil, the education system but also the community and ultimately the state and its economy. Teachers in (LLLS) must provide significant assistance in training people, either after completion of compulsory schooling or as first contact with the education system, and thereby contribute to the national effort to remain competitive in the world economy, and thus maintain indirectly the basis of a welfare state. Professionalism is an important and essential feature of the teacher in the field of lifelong learning. This includes responsibilities for example keeping knowledge up to date, CPD, but also diligence and enthusiasm in one’s work as well as probity. Basically one could say that the teacher of lifelong learning supports the efforts not only of those of with post degree levels but also of people who only have come in contact with basic education, to learn, even in old age, to write, to read, to be able to express themselves, think in a structured manner, with the ultimate aim to involve the individual learners in all aspects of economic and social life. In this way it is possible to integrate diverse social elements and structures. This can include understanding about different needs of the Elderly, ethnically diverse groups, various nationalities or religious identities which until recently lived completely separate. This in turn helps individuals to understand and acknowledge differences and thereby ensure the peaceful coexistence of all these people living in the UK. The teacher of lifelong learning supports the expansion of knowledge, not only of people who are aiming for specialized university education, but also of those aiming to further/advance their general and specialist knowledge. In this context it is important to note that currently more students are in Further Education than at university. One in five adults now is studying in FE, 3/4 of the students are 19 years or older. The teacher lifelong learning contributes to the transformation/â€Å"creation† of students aiming for them to become active citizens. As a result this will expend the number of people who work socially and ethically responsible towards those in authority but also amongst individuals. This contributes to the creation of social cohesion. This process also encourages students to actively participate in community issues and thus engages them critically on a wider base on a national level. The students for lifelong learning, with the help of their teachers, become aware of how to effectively engage in public life, acquire appropriate knowledge, develop specific skills, acquiring values, upon which they can build their lives. It is important that teachers of lifelong learning keep up to date within their professional field through continuing professional development, aiming to evolve and develop their own teaching skills. A teacher’s duties involve a multitude of responsibilities. Amongst others, monitoring and reporting their pupils achievements in order to document student’s progress. The tutor is obliged to treat all students in a fair and equal manner, give the opportunity to all students to participate on an equal footing with equal expectation of success, to try to meet the needs of each student, to remain updated with subject development. Tutors must be well prepared, return the control to work at reasonable times Teachers must be aware of both their professional commitments and their personal limits and boundaries, knowing when and whom to recommend students for further support. There are some significant difference between roles and responsibilities amongst teachers for lifelong learning (after compulsory education) and those working at state or public schools. Particularly in light of recent changes that have taken place in the field of lifelong learning which have led an increase in numbers of students who now study at FE colleges, and access to funding (loans to finance their higher education) and resulting increased demand for professional teachers in schools etc. In conclusion, the role and responsibilities of teachers for lifelong learning are summarized as follows: 1. Teachers must be committed to their students and their learning. 2. The teachers know the subject they teach and how to teach this subject to students. 3. Teachers are responsible for managing and monitoring student learning. 4. Teachers think systematically on their practice and learn from experience. 5.The teachers are members of learning communities.

Carer’s and UK social work law Essay

               ‘Carers’ need support from the civil law, not punished by the criminal law. To what extent do you consider the law treats ‘carers’?                ‘Carers’ have become an essential aspect in the lives of the UK citizens. A carer can be referred to as anyone who cares, unpaid, for a friend or family member who due to illness, disability, a mental health problem, or an addiction cannot cope without his or her (carer) support. There are various reasons behind any individual taking on caring are varied, but can contain causes such as: Serious physical illness, Long-term physical disability, Long-term neurological conditions, Mental health problems, Dementia, Addiction, Learning difficulties.                   Just as the reason why someone becomes a carer varies, the same is the case for the tasks that a carer fulfills. These tasks include practical house hold tasks, personal care and emotional support among many others. Just like any other individual in United Kingdom, the ‘carers’ needs protection by the law especially the civil law and not being subjected to punishment by the criminal law. The justice system in the United Kingdom is the mechanism that upholds the rule of law. The country’s courts provide a forum that is effective in resolving disputes as well as to test and enforce laws in a rational and fair manner. Moreover, the courts system has formed the basis for the solving of any disputes and law breaking offences in the community and at all levels (Swain & Rice, 2009).                â€Å"Law and social work† have become an important aspect in the United Kingdom social set up. It refers to the crossing point between the carrying out of the communal work and the legal structure in the country. This includes components of the legal system such as the: legal establishments (prisons and courts among others), case law, and legal experts such as the judges, attorneys, forensic experts, paralegals, and alternative dispute resolution, among many others. Law plays numerous significant roles in the ‘carers’ practice of social work. For example, from an environmental viewpoint, the legal structure is an essential part of any client’s social setting. Numerous social work clients are concerned with legal structures, such as criminal justice, child security, or mental health. ‘Carers’ need to be sensitive of the laws that controls or regulates every structure so as to help clients steer their way through these s tructures more efficiently, and to be capable of advocating for law improvement to improve the integrity of fit linking clients and their socio-legal surroundings. In addition, laws also oversee loads of interactions of interest to social work clients (McIvor & Raynor, 200). These include relationships such as tenant/landlord, employer/worker, patient/physician, children and parents as well as customer/vendor among others relationships. Hence, familiarity of the law ought to give practitioners with a realistic perceptive of their clients’ rights and responsibilities in a wide variety of social relations. Subsequent, organization-specific laws regulate a number of social agencies such as the hospitals, social assistance, schools, mental health facilities, correctional institutions, and other social agencies. Organization-specific laws may order who is qualified for services, principles for record keeping, privacy, and other client civil rights (McIvor & Raynor, 200).                ‘Carers’ or better still ‘Social workers’ have to comprehend these laws in turn to make sure that their organizations abide by the laws, and to be able to advocate for modifications in the law so as to encourage better and bigger economic and social impartiality. Thirdly, different laws control the occupation of social work itself. Mostly there are licensing and/or authorization laws that control the carrying out of social work, as well as who possibly will practice and what values of performance are lawfully allowed for them to perform. ‘Carers’ should also be conscious of unprofessional conduct or (tort) bylaws that make out when a ‘carer’ may be legally accountable for inducing injury or harm to a customer if they carry out their practiced duties in an approach that falls below a rational level of care. In summary, some ‘carers’ has their work in forensic surroundings, conducting examinations , valuation, and treatment for clients involved in court or other legal systems. Such settings include probation, prison, child custody assessment, and uncontrolled committal to mental health foundations (McIvor & Raynor, 200).                   Despite being vital in the governance of any country, there is great difference between the civil and criminal law. The two are different as well as broad components of law with distinct of laws and punishments. â€Å"The disparity stuck between criminal law and civil law is reflected on the two varied objects which law seeks to practise, put right or penalty. The constituent of civil law is the putting right of wrongs through by forceful compensation or repayment: the offender is not penalized; he only undergoes so much harm as is indispensable to make good the wrong he has done. The person who has suffered gets a specific benefit from the law, or at least he avoids a loss. Alternatively, in the case of crimes, the main objective of the law is to discipline the reprobate; to give him and others strong enticements not to commit same or similar crimes, as well as to change him preferably and also satisfy the public sense that wrongdoing ought to meet wit h revenge.† For example, the criminal law entails cases such as burglary, assault, murder among others while the civil entails aspects such as malpractice and negligence (Swain & Rice, 2009).                  Over the time the social work and the law in United Kingdom has come along together forming a relationship where one cannot do without the other. The law calls for a must registration of the carers in one of the many registers organizations in the country. This allows for the effective protection of the ‘carers’ by the law. This has brought along a clear understanding of the law and in turn defining what is ethically right for the caregivers in their work. The social law has called for ‘Carers’ need to recognize diversity in the caring services. Respecting and Valuing service users, irrespective of, for example, their ethical definitions, gender or age is central to excellent practice by the . It is also about working in a way that counters the unfair or unequal treatment of individuals or groups on the basis of their race, gender, class, age, culture, religion, sexuality or ability. There is a growing body of law that seeks to p rohibit and punish a range of discriminatory behaviors in various kinds of social setting, for example in the provision of services and in employment opportunities. For social workers, valuing diversity entails more than this. Social work professionals need to be aware that there are structural dimensions to discrimination.                The law defines what the carer ought to observe when offering their services to their clients. One of the key aspects that they are supposed to observe is the need to protect the rights and support the interests of service users and ‘carers’. In addition, the law also requires the ‘carers’ to strive towards establishing and maintaining the confidence and trust of service users and ‘carers’ or themselves. Other requirement by the law to the social care givers include: promote the independence of service users while protecting them as far as possible from danger or harm. Valuing the rights of service users whilst in search to ensure that their behavior does not hurt themselves or other people. Endorse public trust and confidence in social care services, and also be e responsible for the quality of their work and take responsibility for maintaining and improving their knowledge and skills.                Social work is a responsible and demanding job. Practitioners work in social settings characterised by enormous diversity, and they perform a range of roles, requiring different skills. Public expectations, agency requirements, resources, and the needs of service users all create pressures for social workers. The public receives only a snapshot of a social worker’s responsibilities and, against a background of media concentration on the sensational, the thousands of successful outcomes and years of hard work in childcare and with vulnerable adults are never considered. In intervening in people’s lives, social workers face practice dilemmas arising from the relationship between social work values and the law (for example, working to promote the rights and self-determination of service users and having to balance this with the need to protect them and to protect the rights of others (Swain & Rice, 2009).                  The relationship between social work and the law is part of an ongoing debate. There are those who adopt a legalistic model and argue that the law, reflected through court orders, is central to social work practice (for example, Blom-Cooper, 1985). Others have argued that over-reliance on the law fails to address the problems people face and may even exacerbate them. This seems to present a dilemma for practice. The growing importance of the law in social work practice and decision-making is reflected in the training requirements for professionals working in the field of social work (Department of Health, 2002). Yet it is essential that alongside this there is a value base with an emphasis on principles, such as partnership, equality, and empowerment, which must inform good practice (Bashir, 1999).                Over the past two decades, there have been a number of events that raised serious questions regarding social work practice. There has been fierce debate in relation to child protection issues, the changes within the criminal justice system (for example the introduction, by the Crime and Disorder Act 1998, of anti-social behaviour orders) and the effectiveness of community care. There have been well-documented tragedies and errors of judgement (Blom-Cooper, 1985), apparent over-zealousness such as in the Cleveland affair (Butler-Sloss, 1988) and the misuse of power in residential care in the ‘pin down’ affair (Levy and Kahan, 1991).                  For many professionals in the field of social work, the publicity surrounding these and other events has led to a feeling of crisis. Social work as a profession has frequently been under attack since the mid-1980s, and this has undermined the public’s awareness of social work’s successes. For example, one of the observations about the Children Act 1989 was that it was based on current best practice within social work at the time, though such practice was not sufficiently widespread. The Act represented a new start for children, families, and other professionals working with children by radically changing the legal framework regulating the care and upbringing of children (Hardy and Hannibal, 1997). No legislation or legal framework can remain static, however, and because of reviews and enquiries such as the Victoria Climbie Inquiry Report (Department of Health and Home Office, 2003), the Children Act 1989 has been significantly updated, and t he way in which it is interpreted, resourced and implemented has been strengthened (Braye & Preston, 1997).                The law is one way in which established but discriminatory practices can be and are challenged. At the same time, however, the law can be seen as supportive of the prevailing social order, shaped by dominant forces that perpetuate inequality and injustice. Nevertheless, there are some key values embedded in legislation that are supportive of social work values. For example, the Human Rights Act (HRA) 1998 incorporates the provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) into UK law, with the result that the principles enshrined in the articles of the ECHR are directly applicable within the UK. These principles include respect for family privacy (Article 8) and an insistence on procedural fairness in the resolution of disputes (Article 6). Further, Article 14 aims at ensuring that the rights contained within the ECHR are secured without discrimination on any ground. The impact of the HRA 1998 on social care and social work has already been consider able (Bashir, 1999).                  Thus, it is important to recognise that the law expresses some values that accord with social work values and can help you to work in a positive way to support and empower service users. However, it is also important for social work practitioners to be aware of the ways in which the law can fail people. For example, there is little legislation to protect adults who are vulnerable through age. Community care legislation may provide that certain people are entitled to an assessment of their needs, but this is largely at the discretion of the local authority and it can be difficult for service users to challenge such decision-making (Bashir, 1999).                Although agency policies and procedures also set parameters within which discretion is exercised, often the individual social worker makes the initial decision. This choice will be influenced by a range of factors, including the knowledge and understanding of the social worker, his or her experience of similar situations, the viability of available options – including the law and ongoing policy – and the social worker’s own values (Braye & Preston, 1997). Conclusion                Social work practice is based upon assessments of situations and decisions about strategies to be adopted. Sometimes there can be a tension between the law and working within social work values; the law provides the framework for practice. In the next section, you are going to examine the legal structures and processes within which social work skills are applied. In summary, it is vital for the civil carers to have support from the law and most importantly from the civil law and the social work law in United Kingdom, and not to be punished by the criminal law. The law forms the framework of all the actions carried out by the carers and in turn, it rather than being punished should protect them. References Baker, C. (ed.) (1998)  Human Rights Act 1998: A Practitioner’s Guide, London, Sweet and Maxwell. Bashir, A. (1999) ‘Working in racist Britain’,  Community Care, 21–27 October, p. 26. Biehal, N., Clayden, J., Stein, M. and Wade, J. (1992)  Prepared for Living? A Survey of Young People Leaving the Care of Three Local Authorities, London, National Children’s Bureau. Blom-Cooper, L. (1985)  A Child in Trust: The Beckford Report, London, London Borough of Brent. Braye, S. and Preston-Shoot, M. (1997)  Practising Social Work Law, Basingstoke, Macmillan. Brechin, A. (2000) ‘Introducing critical practice’ in Brechin, A., Brown, H. and Eby, M.A. (eds)  Practice and Health in Social Care, London, Sage. British Association of Social Workers (2003)  Code of Ethics for Social Work  [online].  www.basw.co.uk/articles [Accessed 12 September 2005]. Butler-Sloss, E. (1988)  Report of the Inquiry into Child Abuse in Cleveland, London, HMSO. McIvor, G., & Raynor, P. (2007).  Developments in social work with offenders. London: Jessica Kingsley. Hayes, D., Humphries, B., & Cohen, S. (2004).  Social work, immigration and asylum: Debates, dilemmas and ethical issues for social work and social care practice. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Swain, P. A., & Rice, S. (2009).  In the shadow of the law: The legal context of social work practice. Annandale, N.S.W: The Federation Press Source document

What does it mean to be a preacher and what is preaching in today's Essay

What does it mean to be a preacher and what is preaching in today's - Essay Example .You will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth" (Acts 1:8). The hundreds and multitudes following after Jesus reveal a great model to the disciples to reach the people in ministry. Craddock (1985) illustrated the receiving of call for preaching and the mode of preaching from past through medieval and the explains the changing paradigm of gospel preaching and the necessity for shouted from the Housetop (p.60). Jesus preached in the towns and villages all across Israel, serving a variety of needs of the people. During His ministry on earth, He not only just preached but also manifested His intention to establish the ‘Kingdom of God’, where a Human being can experience the Devine abundance by raising above the problems of this physical world? Preaching’s of Jesus Christ manifested such revelation of the Devine Kingdom through miracles, signs and wonders. The basic needs of the human life were fulfilled through the sermons and His presence. The hungry were fed, sick were healed, people in bondages were delivered, Dead were raised, people were comforted and added into the kingdom of God opening their spiritual eyes. The necessity of such a multi fold ministry is still increased with the increasing needs of the society. Tubbs Tisdale (1997), recognized the same fundamental preaching of the communities, which moves them- that speaks to them on a deep and personal level about matters of faith and life. ( p 4). A modern concept of "preaching" may bring to mind a picture of a man standing behind a pulpit with a congregation of people in front of him. If sound were added to the picture the preachers voice would fluxuate and at times he would make gestures with his hands. His effectiveness as a preacher would often be judged by his ability to hold his audiences attention. We find a different picture presented in Acts 8:26-39. Philip’s preaching to an official from Ethiopia, who is reading aloud from the